{"id":279,"date":"2018-01-04T13:56:17","date_gmt":"2018-01-04T10:56:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.scozturk.com\/?p=279"},"modified":"2025-08-29T07:27:11","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T07:27:11","slug":"teknoloji-girisimlerinde-temel-islevler-ve-bunlarin-onemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/18.193.70.38\/?p=279&lang=tr","title":{"rendered":"Teknoloji Giri\u015fimlerinde Temel \u0130\u015flevler ve Bunlar\u0131n \u00d6nemi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/em>
\nKOB\u0130’lerde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir\u00e7ok i\u015flev bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu i\u015flevler \u015firketin hayat\u0131na devam edebilmesi, b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilmesi ve payda\u015flar\u0131n gelir elde edebilmesi i\u00e7in olmazsa olmazlard\u0131r. Bu durum teknoloji giri\u015fimleri i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. \u00d6ncelikle i\u015flevleri bir \u00f6zetleyelim:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00d6zsermaye: Para, temel masraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131, vb..<\/li>\n
  2. Finans: Bor\u00e7 bulma, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 bulma, kredi \u00e7ekme, teminat bulma, vb..<\/li>\n
  3. Pazarlama: \u00dcr\u00fcn sunumu, \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6zellikleri, websiteleri, sosyal medya, fuarlar, vb..<\/li>\n
  4. Sat\u0131\u015f: Sat\u0131\u015f faaliyetleri, B2B, B2C, vb..<\/li>\n
  5. \u00dcrGe: \u00dcr\u00fcn geli\u015ftirme, m\u00fchendislik, entegrasyon, proje y\u00f6netimi, vb..<\/li>\n
  6. ArGe: Ara\u015ft\u0131rma geli\u015ftirme, katma de\u011fer yaratma, vb..<\/li>\n
  7. Tasar\u0131m: G\u00f6rsel tasar\u0131m, sunum, pazarlama, vb..<\/li>\n
  8. \u00dcretim: \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcretilmesi, testleri, vb..<\/li>\n
  9. IK: Personel al\u0131m\u0131, personel y\u00f6netimi, projeksiyonlar, vb..<\/li>\n
  10. Sat\u0131n Alma: Hammadde al\u0131m\u0131, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n al\u0131m\u0131, vb..<\/li>\n
  11. Hukuk: Patentler, markalar, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler, vb..<\/li>\n
  12. \u0130dari: \u0130dari i\u015fler, b\u00fcrokratik i\u015fler, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ihtiya\u00e7lar, vb..<\/li>\n
  13. Sat\u0131\u015f Sonras\u0131 Hizmetler: Kurulum, bak\u0131m, yedek par\u00e7a, vb..<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Buradaki her i\u015flev ger\u00e7ekte ayr\u0131 bir ekip i\u015fidir. \u0130\u015flevlerin alt i\u015flevleri ciddi deneyim ve bilgi gerektirmektedir. <\/p>\n

    Yeni Giri\u015fimlerde \u0130\u015flevlerin Kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/em>
    \nBu i\u015flevlerin hepsi bir giri\u015fim (start-up) i\u00e7in de \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olmakla beraber yeni bir giri\u015fimde ilk planda bunlar\u0131n hepsinin kar\u015f\u0131lanabilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri \u00f6zetle:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Her bir alanda deneyimi olan bir giri\u015fim ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekibi kurmak ve bu ekibi beraber tutmak zordur.<\/li>\n
    • Her bir alanda deneyimi olan ve giri\u015fim tecr\u00fcbesi olan personeller bularak bir ekip kurmak zordur.<\/li>\n
    • Bunlar\u0131n hepsininin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 an\u0131nda birden kurulmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir, bir s\u00fcrece yay\u0131lmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Bu nedenle giri\u015fimlerde baz\u0131 i\u015flevler kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131rken, baz\u0131 i\u015flevler kar\u015f\u0131lanmayarak bu i\u015flevlerden bir nevi “bor\u00e7” al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Bu “bor\u00e7”lar zaman i\u00e7erisinde birikerek bile\u015fik faiziyle beraber giri\u015fimin ya\u015fam\u0131nda bir anda giri\u015fimin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bazen \u015firketin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine engel olmakta, bazen de olduk\u00e7a zor duruma sokmakta hatta \u015firketi bat\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

      Ne Yapmal\u0131?<\/strong><\/em>
      \n\u00d6ncelikle bu i\u015flevlerin fark\u0131nda olmak ve her birinin e\u015fit seviyede \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu anlamak gerekmektedir. Yani:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • M\u00fchendislik ve ArGe \u00f6nemlidir. Ama ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7in “pazarlama” sat\u0131labilir bir \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6zellik listesi sunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, “pazarlama” m\u00fc\u015fteri kanallar\u0131 bulmad\u0131k\u00e7a, “sat\u0131\u015f” \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc satmad\u0131k\u00e7a, “finans” faaliyetleri y\u00fcr\u00fctmek i\u00e7in kaynak sa\u011flamad\u0131k\u00e7a, “\u00fcretim” \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcretmedik\u00e7e fiili de\u011feri 0’d\u0131r. <\/li>\n
      • \u00dcretim \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Ama “m\u00fchendislik” \u00fcretilebilirli\u011fe dikkat etmezse, “sat\u0131n alma” d\u00fczg\u00fcn fiyatla \u00fcr\u00fcn almazsa, “pazarlama” sat\u0131labilecek bir \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapmaz, “finans” kaynak sa\u011flamazsa, “sat\u0131\u015f sonras\u0131” da d\u00fczg\u00fcn ssh h\u00fczmeti sunmazsa \u00fcretilen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011feri 0’d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • Evet, pazarlama \u00f6nemlidir. Fakat “finans” kaynak sa\u011flamaz, “ArGe” pazarlaman\u0131n hayallerini ger\u00e7ek yapmaz, “m\u00fchendislik” ortaya bir tasar\u0131m koymaz ve “\u00fcretim” \u00fcretmez ise pazarlaman\u0131n de\u011feri fiilen 0’d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • \u00d6zsermaye ve finans \u00f6nemlidir. Ama “m\u00fchendislik” bir \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131karmaz, “\u00fcretim” \u00fcretmez, “pazarlama” sat\u0131labilir \u00fcr\u00fcn tasavvur etmez, “ArGe” sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcp katma de\u011fer \u00fcretmez, “hukuk” anla\u015fmalar\u0131 d\u00fczg\u00fcn yapmaz, “sat\u0131n alma” uygun ko\u015fullarda al\u0131m yapmaz ise \u00f6zsermaye ve finans’\u0131n de\u011feri fiilen 0’d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015firketteki b\u00fct\u00fcn payda\u015flarda bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle giri\u015fim ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Yukar\u0131daki maddelere sadece “olmaz” ve “yap\u0131lmaz” olarak da bakmamak gerekmektedir. “az olur”, “tam yap\u0131lamaz”, “eksik yap\u0131l\u0131rsa” da ayn\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara neden olmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

        Ger\u00e7ekten Mi?<\/strong><\/em>
        \nGiri\u015fimciler genel olarak “para yok, ondan” \u015feklinde mazaret uydururlar. O nedenle genel olarak \u00fclkemizde “Finans” ve “\u00d6z Sermaye” bir numaral\u0131 \u00f6nemli i\u015fletme fonksiyonu san\u0131l\u0131r. Ama de\u011fildir. Birka\u00e7 bol paral\u0131 giri\u015fim veya i\u00e7 giri\u015fim \u00f6rnekleri verelim:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Finans, ArGe, \u00dcrGe, \u00dcretim Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 – Pazarlama Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z: HD DVD<\/li>\n
        • Finans, ArGe, \u00dcrGe, \u00dcretim, Pazarlama Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 – SSH Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z: Windows Phone<\/li>\n
        • Finans, \u00dcrGe, \u00dcretim, Pazarlama Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 – ArGe Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z: GM EV-1<\/li>\n
        • Finans, ArGe, \u00dcrGe, Pazarlama Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 – Hukuk Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z: Napster<\/li>\n
        • Finans, \u00dcrGe, Pazarlama Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 – ArGe\/\u00dcrGe Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z: Webvan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 para kazand\u0131, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 tamamen batt\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Webvan 1 milyar dolarl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131m, baz\u0131 alanlarda deneyimli bir ekip ile nas\u0131l ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olunabilece\u011finin literat\u00fcrdeki \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

          Tersden bir \u00f6rnek vermek i\u00e7in de iPhone’u analiz edelim:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Tasar\u0131m: D\u0131\u015f tasar\u0131m ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m tasar\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde uygulanm\u0131\u015f<\/li>\n
          • M\u00fchendislik: Bilindik teknolojiler ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde entegre edilmi\u015f, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00fcr\u00fcn y\u00f6netimi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/li>\n
          • ArGe: \u0130\u00e7 teknolojilerde bir\u00e7ok ArGe faaliyeti tasar\u0131m\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011fi i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f<\/li>\n
          • Finans: B\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00fcre\u00e7ler ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde finanse edilmi\u015f<\/li>\n
          • Pazarlama: \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden itibaren yeterli say\u0131da al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde bulunmu\u015f, seneler i\u00e7erisinde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde artt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/li>\n
          • Hukuk: Appstore anla\u015fmalar\u0131 tamamen sat\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7erik koyanlara uygun \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Apple bir “giri\u015fim” de\u011fil diyebilirsiniz. Fakat bu do\u011fru de\u011fil, her yeni \u00fcr\u00fcn ve \u00fcr\u00fcn grubu asl\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler \u00e7ap\u0131nda giri\u015fim denemeleridir. <\/p>\n

            K\u0131sa Vadeli Ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n Olumsuzlu\u011fu<\/strong><\/em>
            \nBir giri\u015fim \u00f6z sermaye, finans, \u00fcretim, ArGe ve m\u00fchendisli\u011fe a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vererek 1-2 \u00f6nemli m\u00fc\u015fteri ile k\u0131sa vadede ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir ve b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilir. Fakat bu k\u0131sa vadeli ve ger\u00e7ekte \u00f6nemsiz ba\u015far\u0131 di\u011fer fonksiyonlar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131yla desteklenmezse \u015firketin k\u0131sa\/orta vadede bataca\u011f\u0131 a\u015fikard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            Fakat bu giri\u015fimciler i\u00e7in bu durum o kadar da “a\u015fikar” de\u011fildir, \u00f6zellikle o ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 yakalayanlar i\u00e7in. Nedeni ise “para kazan\u0131yoruz, o zaman ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131y\u0131z ve her\u015feyi do\u011fru yap\u0131yoruz” ve\/veya “biz neymi\u015fiz” d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir. Bu durum sadece giri\u015fimler i\u00e7in de\u011fil, KOB\u0130’ler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir (ArGe, \u00dcrGe ve \u0130cat \u00e7\u0131karma denememe bakabilirsiniz).<\/p>\n

            Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/em>
            \nS\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn bu i\u015flevleri en iyi \u015fekilde yerine getirebilecek bir giri\u015fim ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmakt\u0131r. Kurulum an\u0131nda, ilk 6 ayda, ilk 1 senede, ilk 2 senede olmasa bile giri\u015fimcilerin oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu i\u015flevlerin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu i\u015fi yaparken de hi\u00e7bir i\u015flevi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsememek deneyimin g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Giri\u015f KOB\u0130’lerde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir\u00e7ok i\u015flev bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu i\u015flevler \u015firketin hayat\u0131na devam edebilmesi, b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilmesi ve payda\u015flar\u0131n gelir elde edebilmesi i\u00e7in olmazsa olmazlard\u0131r. Bu durum teknoloji giri\u015fimleri i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":288,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[179],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-girisimcilik-tr"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/18.193.70.38\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/18.193.70.38\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/18.193.70.38\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/18.193.70.38\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/18.193.70.38\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=279"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/18.193.70.38\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1204,"href":"http:\/\/18.193.70.38\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279\/revisions\/1204"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/18.193.70.38\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/18.193.70.38\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=279"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/18.193.70.38\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=279"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/18.193.70.38\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=279"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}